"邱氏"耳针夹治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病临床研究

目的观察"邱氏"耳针夹治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病的临床疗效。 方法选取2012年8月至2017年8月扬州市中医院针灸科及口腔科门诊患者90例，按照随机数字表法分为耳针夹组和体针组，每组各30例。耳针夹组予"邱氏"耳针夹夹于相关耳穴治疗；体针组予毫针针刺听宫穴、下关穴等穴位进行治疗，2组患者均治疗10 d。采用χ²检验比较2组患者的视觉模拟评分(VAS)和关节活动度(ROM)，比较2组患者疼痛程度及开口度方面的改善情况。 结果(1)治疗10 d后，耳针夹组VAS评分主要集中在0～1分占83.3%(25/30)，其他评分段为≥7分者占3.3%(1/30)，3～7分者占6.7%(2/30)，1～3分者占6.7%(2/30)；体针组VAS评分≥7分者占13.3%(4/30)，3～7分 者占16.7%(5/30)，1～3分者占10.0%(3/30)，0～1分占60.0%(18/30)，耳针夹组VAS评分0～1分段患者多于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝2.944，P<0.05)。(2)治疗10 d后，耳针夹组ROM主要集中在3.4～3.9 cm者共占83.4%(25/30)，≤3.0 cm者占13.3%(4/30)，≤2.0 cm者占3.3%(1/30)；体针组ROM 3.4～3.9 cm者占60.0%(18/30)，≤3.0 cm者占26.7%(8/30)，≤2.0 cm者占13.3%(4/30)，耳针夹组ROM 3.4～3.9 cm患者多于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝2.944，P<0.05)。(3)耳针夹组、体针组治疗10 d后治愈率分别为33.33%(10/30)、16.67%(5/30)，耳夹针组高于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝2.844，P<0.05)。耳针夹组、体针组治疗10 d后总有效率分别为93.33%(28/30)、86.67%(26/30)，耳针夹组高于体针组，且差异有统计学意义(χ²＝4.444，P<0.05)。 结论"邱氏"耳针夹治疗颞下颌关节紊乱病，有即刻镇痛和改善开口度的效果，具有疗效显著、无创伤、安全性高、简便易行等优点，对惧针患者尤为适宜。     

抗阻训练联合家居康复护理在发育性髋关节不良中的应用

目的探究与分析Thera-Band渐进抗阻训练联合家居康复护理对发育性髋关节不良术后患儿髋关节功能的促进效果。方法选取医院自2016年12月—2018年12月收治的发育性髋关节不良手术患儿68例作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组与观察组,每组各34例,两组均给予常规护理,对照组给予Thera-Band渐进抗阻训练,观察组在对照组基础上给予家居康复护理,对比两组患儿术后不同时间点Harris评分以及患儿家属发育性髋关节不良的健康教育知晓情况。结果两组患儿出院后1个月、出院后3个月的Harris评分明显高于出院时,观察组较对照组相比Harris评分改善更加显著,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组与对照组相比家属发育性髋关节不良情况健康教育知晓评分较高,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论Thera-Band渐进抗阻训练联合家居康复护理进一步的提高了患儿髋关节功能功能,也在护理工作中促进提高了患儿家属对发育性髋关节不良的健康教育知晓情况,更好的发挥了辅助效果。     

Synthetic MRI is not yet ready for morphologic and functional assessment of patellar cartilage at 1.5 Tesla

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to compare morphologic assessment and relaxometry of patellar hyaline cartilage between conventional sequences (fast spin-echo [FSE] T2-weighted fat-saturated and T2-mapping) and synthetic T2 short-TI inversion recovery (STIR) and T2 maps at 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).MethodThe MRI examinations of the knee obtained at 1.5 T in 49 consecutive patients were retrospectively studied. There were 21 men and 28 women with a mean age of 45 ± 17.7 (SD) years (range: 18–88 years). Conventional and synthetic acquisitions were performed, including T2-weighted fat-saturated and T2-mapping sequences. Two radiologists independently compared patellar cartilage T2-relaxation time on conventional T2-mapping and synthetic T2-mapping images. A third radiologist evaluated the patellar cartilage morphology on conventional and synthetic T2-weighted images. The presence of artifacts was also assessed. Interobserver agreement for quantitative variables was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsIn vitro, conventional and synthetic T2 maps yielded similar mean T2 values 58.5 ± 2.3 (SD) ms and 58.8 ± 2.6 (SD) ms, respectively (P = 0.414) and 6% lower than the expected experimental values (P = 0.038). Synthetic images allowed for a 15% reduction in examination time compared to conventional images. On conventional sequences, patellar chondropathy was identified in 35 patients (35/49; 71%) with a mean chondropathy grade of 4.8 ± 4.8 (SD). On synthetic images, 28 patients (28/49; 57%) were diagnosed with patellar chondropathy, with a significant 14% difference (P = 0.009) and lower chondropathy scores (3.7 ± 4.9 [SD]) compared to conventional images. Motion artifacts were more frequently observed on synthetic images (18%) than on conventional ones (6%). The interobserver agreement was excellent for both conventional and synthetic T2 maps (ICC > 0.83). Mean cartilage T2 values were significantly greater on synthetic images (36.2 ± 3.8 [SD] ms; range: 29-46 ms) relative to conventional T2 maps (31.8 ± 4.1 [SD] ms; range: 26-49 ms) (P < 0.0001).ConclusionDespite a decrease in examination duration, synthetic images convey lower diagnostic performance for chondropathy, greater prevalence of motion artifacts, and an overestimation of T2 values compared to conventional MRI sequences.     

Is there a correlation between arthroscopic findings and the clinical signs and symptoms of patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint? A prospective study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between clinical signs and symptoms of patients with internal derangement of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and arthroscopic findings. The study included a sample of 67 patients who underwent TMJ arthroscopy. The variables evaluated were the arthroscopic findings of synovitis, chondromalacia, adhesion, and roofing. The Spearman correlation index was used to correlate these findings with the clinical signs and symptoms of internal derangement of the TMJ, namely maximum mouth opening, pain (visual analogue scale, VAS), and the Wilkes classification. The mean age of the population was 36.16 years, and 85% were female. There was a correlation between pain and synovitis (P = 0.0029, r = 0.3508), between mouth opening limitation and the amount of adhesion (P = 0.0004, r = ?0.4084), and between Wilkes classification and the presence of chondromalacia and disc displacement (P = 0.001, r = 0.374 and P = 0.0045, r = ?0.3357, respectively). No correlation was found between age and the presence of chondromalacia (P = 0.3444, r = 0.1147). Patients who had worse pain symptoms had more advanced stages of synovitis, and the increased presence of adhesions was associated with limitations in mouth opening. Furthermore, those with more advanced Wilkes stages had greater disc displacement and more severe stages of chondromalacia.     

Clinical Anatomy of the Ligament of the Head of Femur

The ligament of the head of femur (LHF) has gained clinical attention recently and is reported to contribute to hip stability. This study explores its morphology and morphometry, information that may help inform surgical decision making. Gross anatomical dissections were undertaken on 229 embalmed hips from European (n = 105) and Thai (n = 124) adult cadavers to examine LHF anatomy. Ligament morphometry was statistically compared at different sites, between sexes and sides. The origin of ligamental arteries and absence of the ligament were documented. The LHF was pyramidal or quadrangular in shape. Sub‐synovial fibrous bands originated from the transverse acetabular ligament, edges of the acetabular notch, and acetabular floor; less frequently from the hip joint capsule. Distally, the ligament flattened and converged onto the fovea capitis. The ligament was 22.3 ± 4.4 mm long and was significantly wider (P = 0.001) and thicker (P = 0.0003) at the fovea, compared to its mid‐zone. Branches of the obturator artery entered the acetabular foramen inferomedially and penetrated the middle third of the LHF. Blood vessels ran within the LHF and appeared to enter the fovea. The ligament was absent in 2.8% of Thai hips and there were no significant sex or side differences in ligament dimensions. The morphology of the LHF is complex. While individual variation was apparent, blood vessels were seen in the distal ligament. Precise information on LHF morphometry and attachment sites will help inform appropriate graft dimensions and choice of fixation sites necessary for ligament reconstruction. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Surgical management of the rheumatoid hand and wrist

Management of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist demands a methodical approach. Multidisciplinary assessment and treatment in conjunction with a rheumatologist and dedicated hand therapist are essential. Initial treatment should be conservative. However, when patients develop severe deformities refractory to medical treatment, or there is impending tendon rupture or nerve compression, surgical intervention is required. This article aims to provide a current review of the principles and common conditions in surgery for rheumatoid arthritis of the hand and wrist.     

Surgical strategies for management of infection following knee arthroplasty and arthroscopic procedures

Infection is one of the most feared complications following knee arthroplasty and soft tissue arthroscopic procedures. This article summarizes the current understanding on the management of this rare but devastating problem. The healthcare and economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is highlighted, together with how the classification of infection and host staging can aid decision-making. Surgical treatment options will be described. These consist of ‘debridement, antibiotics and implant retention’ (DAIR), revision arthroplasty (single- or two-stage), as well as salvage procedures (arthrodesis, permanent resection, and amputation). In selected cases, chronic antibiotic suppression may be the only viable option. All implant-related orthopaedic infections must be managed using a multidisciplinary team (MDT) approach, ideally within dedicated bone infection units, in order to optimize clinical outcomes.